Table of contents
- eBPF Workflow in DevSecOps
- Installation
- Writing eBPF Programs
- Compiling eBPF Programs
- Loading and Attaching eBPF Programs
- Flow Diagram of eBPF in DevSecOps
- Common Use Cases
- eBPF Workflow for Identity Management
- 1. Monitoring Authentication Attempts
- 2. Auditing Privileged Operations
- 3. Tracking API Usage
- Resources
eBPF (Extended Berkeley Packet Filter) is a powerful technology for monitoring and analyzing system behavior in real-time. It allows you to run sandboxed programs in the Linux kernel without modifying kernel source code or loading kernel modules. eBPF is widely used for performance monitoring, security enforcement, and network tracing.
eBPF Workflow in DevSecOps
Write eBPF Program: Write eBPF programs in C or eBPF bytecode.
Compile eBPF Program: Use LLVM to compile the program to eBPF bytecode.
Load and Attach: Load the eBPF program into the kernel and attach it to a specific kernel event.
Monitor and Collect Data: Use tools like
bpftrace
,bcc
, or custom scripts to monitor and collect data.Analyze and Act: Analyze the collected data for performance tuning, security monitoring, or debugging.
Installation
Install BCC Tools:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bpfcc-tools linux-headers-$(uname -r)
Install bpftrace:
sudo apt-get install bpftrace
Writing eBPF Programs
Example eBPF Program (C):
#include <uapi/linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
BPF_HASH(counts, u32, u64);
int count_sched(struct pt_regs *ctx) {
u32 pid = bpf_get_current_pid_tgid();
u64 *count = counts.lookup(&pid);
if (count) {
(*count)++;
} else {
u64 init_val = 1;
counts.update(&pid, &init_val);
}
return 0;
}
Compiling eBPF Programs
Compile with clang:
clang -O2 -target bpf -c prog.c -o prog.o
Loading and Attaching eBPF Programs
Load using BCC:
from bcc import BPF
b = BPF(src_file="prog.c")
b.attach_kprobe(event="sched_switch", fn_name="count_sched")
b.trace_print()
Using bpftrace:
sudo bpftrace -e 'tracepoint:sched:sched_switch { @[comm] = count(); }'
Flow Diagram of eBPF in DevSecOps
graph TD
A[Write eBPF Program] --> B[Compile eBPF Program]
B --> C[Load Program into Kernel]
C --> D[Attach Program to Event]
D --> E[Monitor & Collect Data]
E --> F[Analyze & Act]
subgraph DevSecOps Pipeline
G[Continuous Integration] --> A
A --> H[Continuous Deployment]
H --> I[Production Environment]
I --> J[Continuous Monitoring]
J --> K[Security Enforcement]
end
Common Use Cases
Network Packet Monitoring:
sudo bpftrace -e 'tracepoint:net:netif_receive_skb { @[comm] = count(); }'
File Access Monitoring:
sudo bpftrace -e 'tracepoint:syscalls:sys_enter_open { @[comm, str(args->filename)] = count(); }'
CPU Usage Monitoring:
sudo bpftrace -e 'profile:hz:99 { @[comm] = count(); }'
Memory Allocation Tracking
sudo bpftrace -e '
tracepoint:kmem:kmalloc
{
@bytes[comm] = sum(args->bytes_alloc);
}'
System Call Monitoring
sudo bpftrace -e '
tracepoint:syscalls:sys_enter_execve
{
printf("Process %s (pid %d) is executing %s\n", comm, pid, str(args->filename));
}'
eBPF Workflow for Identity Management
Write eBPF Program: Create eBPF programs to hook into relevant system calls and kernel events.
Compile eBPF Program: Use LLVM to compile the program into eBPF bytecode.
Load and Attach: Load the eBPF program into the kernel and attach it to authentication and authorization events.
Monitor and Collect Data: Use tools like
bpftrace
orbcc
to collect and analyze data.Analyze and Act: Respond to detected anomalies and enforce security policies.
1. Monitoring Authentication Attempts
sudo bpftrace -e '
tracepoint:syscalls:sys_enter_execve
{
printf("User %d is trying to execute %s\n", uid, str(args->filename));
}
tracepoint:syscalls:sys_exit_execve
{
if (retval != 0) {
printf("Execution of %s by user %d failed\n", str(args->filename), uid);
}
}'
Output: Logs every execution attempt along with the user ID, indicating success or failure.
2. Auditing Privileged Operations
Example bpftrace Script:
sudo bpftrace -e '
tracepoint:syscalls:sys_enter_openat
/args->flags & O_CREAT/
{
printf("User %d opened file %s with O_CREAT\n", uid, str(args->filename));
}'
Output: Logs file creation attempts by users, which can help audit unauthorized file creation.
3. Tracking API Usage
Example bpftrace Script:
sudo bpftrace -e '
tracepoint:syscalls:sys_enter_openat
{
printf("User %d accessed file %s\n", uid, str(args->filename));
}'